HP and metabolic syndrome: On multivariable logistic regression analysis, age (OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.13–1.17, P < 0.001), BMI (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.74–0.86, P < 0.001), waist circumference (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.07, P = 0.002), ever smoker (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.58–2.43, P < 0.001), hypertension (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.56–2.42, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.26–2.19, P < 0.001), dyslipidemia (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.10–1.68, P = 0.005), and Hp-seropositivity (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.10–1.68, P = 0.005) were found to be associated with elevated CAVI levels.