INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) specifically refers to the glucose and fat metabolic disorder syndrome caused by insulin resistance (IR) and insufficient insulin secretion, accounting for more than 90% of the total number of diabetes.[3,4] IR refers to the decreased sensitivity of insulin to peripheral target tissues such as liver, muscle, and adipose tissue, insulin-induced glucose uptake and utilization efficiency, resulting in a series of clinical manifestations such as hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia.