Additional studies are warranted to further explore the DNA-PKcs-dependent mechanisms leading to the proliferation of pathologic SSEA4+ mesenchymal progenitor cells and the senescence of differentiated mesenchymal cells, and whether these events are modulated by FDA-approved IPF therapeutics including Ofev and Esbriet or other emerging IPF therapeutics. The gene discussed is PRKDC; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.