GDF15 and diabetes mellitus: Elevated circulating GDF‐15 levels were not only associated with future cancer mortality in established disease but also for a cancer‐free population at baseline,31 and higher GDF‐15 levels were associated with an increased cancer incidence in a patient cohort with diabetes.32 Here, GDF‐15 increase could reflect an unfavourable pro‐inflammatory state setting the stage for the development of malignant disease.