Recently, human articular chondrocytes with stable CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of IL1R1 were prepared in vitro and found to have superior properties over nonedited therapeutic cells,99 with recent evidence that TNFR1 and IL1R1 can similarly be targeted via epigenome editing in human primary IVD cells.53 This suggests that deletion or knockdown of IL1R1 in therapeutic cells may improve the outcome of cell therapies for patients suffering from joint diseases. This evidence concerns the gene IL1R1 and arthropathy.