A combination of P/a-CTLA-4+P/a-PD-1 further improved survival (by 40% median) in GL261 tumor-bearing mice compared to PBS (p < 0.0001), a-CTLA-4 (p < 0.0001), a-PD-1 (p < 0.0001), P/a-CTLA-4 (p < 0.0001), and P/a-PD-1 (p < 0.004) (Fig. 7f, g). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.