PDCD1 and neoplasm: Flow cytometry analysis (gating strategy presented on Supplementary Figs. 3 and 4) showed a significant increase of the CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations (F = 15.15, 12.91, 13.06, respectively, DF = 6, by ANOVA with Sidak’s posttest, p < 0.0001) in the tumor tissue after treatment with NICs, especially in animals treated with P/a-CTLA-4, P/a-PD-1, and their combination (co-injection), compared to PBS and free mAbs or their combination (Fig. 3a–c).