There may also be a role for biomarkers in assessing AF risk, including serum biomarkers such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) [14, 15] or fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) [14], imaging of atrial function, ECG-based parameters, and genetic factors [12]. The gene discussed is FGF23; the disease is atrial fibrillation.