Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have been administered to patients with NSCLC in advanced stages, and the status of PD-L1 immunoreactivity in these carcinoma cells has also been reported to be significantly associated not only with the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, but also with eventual clinical outcome of these patients [12,13,14,15,16]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.