To more directly test whether unmanipulated gluten-specific CD4+ T cells secrete IL-2, we used the 38-plex magnetic bead assay to assess cytokine profiles in stored plasma from heparinized whole blood (1 ml) incubated with Nexvax2 gluten peptides [each at 50 μg/ml in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)] or PBS alone for 41 CeD patients before and 6 days after 3-day gluten food challenge during the screening period of phase 1 clinical trials of Nexvax2 (6). Here, CD4 is linked to cranioectodermal dysplasia.