Genome-wide association studies have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 gene (rs738409 encoding I148M and rs6006460 encoding S453I alleles of PNPLA3) are related to NAFLD (45) and NASH (46), suggesting a relationship between PNPLA3 and hepatocarcinogenesis. Here, PNPLA3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.