In brief, stimulated STAT-1 lead to cytotoxic T cell activation in NASH but not in HCC, while STAT-3 was responsible for T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (known as TCPTP) inactivation promoting HCC in obesity, independent of T cell recruitment (Figure 1C). Here, PTPN2 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.