Moreover, as such a mechanism widely works in various systems/organs, and pain-associated spinal plasticity shares molecular mechanisms with forms of plasticity occurring in brain regions, the potential involvement of Hes1-diminished CDK9/RNAPII-dependent transcription elongation in plasticity underlying brain functions, such as learning, memory, anxiety, and stress, is a really interesting issue that needs to be studied. Here, HES1 is linked to Anxiety.