IL4 and asthma: Patients with CRSwNP with comorbid asthma and/or former surgeries with disease recurrence likely express type 2 inflammation.10, 19 The currently developed biologics based on type 2 cytokines and their downstream products, including anti-IL-5, anti-IL-4, anti-IL-13 and anti-IgE, are targeted at CRSwNP patients.