Moreover, mutational activation of RTKs or downstream signaling proteins (e.g. EGFR/ERBB1, ALK, ROS1, NTRK, BRAF) serve as predictive biomarkers for the clinical deployment of FDA-approved inhibitors of these oncoprotein kinases for the treatment of genetically-defined subsets of lung cancer (Drilon et al., 2018; Hyman et al., 2015; Rosell et al., 2012; Scagliotti et al., 2010; Shaw et al., 2013; Shaw et al., 2014). The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is lung cancer.