Furthermore, vaginal inoculation of ZIKV early during pregnancy (at embryonic day 4.5) was associated with intrauterine growth restriction and fetal resorptions in WT females crossed with WT males, Ifnar1−/- females crossed with WT males, and IRF3−/-IRF7−/- females crossed with IRF3−/-IRF7−/- males. The gene discussed is IRF3; the disease is fetal growth restriction.