Albadrani et al. have shown that in mice with pre-existing NAFLD, intraperitonial exposure of MC-LR potentially activates hepatic Kupffer cells and stellate cells through the NOX2 pathway, causing an exacerbation of pre-existing liver pathology through increased CD68 and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines. The gene discussed is CYBB; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.