KLK3 and prostate carcinoma: Although population-based screening for prostate cancer (PrCa) with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing reduces mortality from PrCa by 20% according to the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) after a long-term follow-up [1], a large proportion of over-detection and over-treatment of PrCa resulting from the PSA test leaves the use of PSA as a population-based screening method with much to be desired [2,3].