INS and metabolic syndrome: The primary novel finding of this investigation was that patients who underwent KT and had high PAS had a concomitant higher prevalence of DM, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, as well as older age, longer KT duration, higher waist circumference, serum TG, insulin level, and HOMA-IR, while they also had lower serum HDL-C and free l-carnitine levels.