ALB and nutritional deficiency disease: Our results show that malnourished patients have a mortality RR of 1.85 times higher than non-malnourished patients (albumin ≥38g/l) which aligns with data from the literature [27] Friedman and Fadem have shown that serum albumin levels should be used with caution as nutritional markers in patients with chronic kidney disease, because low levels of serum albumin in HD patients are known to be associated with malnutrition and inflammation [28].