When the maternal serum TNF-α levels of the pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and the controls were compared for each level of BMI (Table 3), serum TNF-α levels remained significantly higher in both the normal weight and overweight pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus compared to their matched controls (2.4 ± 0.3 vs. 1.9 ± 0.2 pg/ml, p < 0.05) and (2.6 ± 0.3 vs. 2.3 ± 0.2 pg/ml, p < 0.05) respectively (Figure 1). Here, TNF is linked to gestational diabetes.