The first to determine if we could develop a GPI specific probe and, by doing so, track the kinetic response of B cells to a novel carbohydrate-based vaccine (GPI) against Plasmodium. The second was to assess if we could detect reactivation of GPI-specific MBCs in GPI-vaccinated mice or Plasmodium-infected mice in response to synthetic GPI or native GPI (blood-stage infection). The gene discussed is GPI; the disease is infection.