TLR4 and Sepsis: The excessive activation of the CD14/TLR4/MD2 complex by bacterial endotoxins also induces the inflammasome signaling pathway, along with caspase activation (Hotchkiss et al., 1999), cells lysis and disproportionate release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, further eliciting and exacerbating sepsis, reviewed in Lamkanfi (2011), Gao et al. (2018), and Skirecki and Cavaillon (2019).