It is well-known that FFA activates the proinflammatory NF-κB pathway in skeletal muscle (24) and increases the expression of several cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in liver (25), resulting in insulin resistance including activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) (26, 27). Here, MAPK8 is linked to Insulin resistance.