ESR1 and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: In line with this, we have recently demonstrated that a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), i.e., tamoxifen (TAM), attenuates the downregulation of AQP2 protein expression and improves urinary concentration in rats with lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) (Tingskov et al., 2018).