In fact, the expression of PNPLA3 is directly regulated by the insulin-regulated transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and pathogenic PNPLA3 mutant products accumulate under conditions of obesity and insulin resistance, thus exacerbating liver steatosis, inflammation, and cirrhosis (Huang et al., 2010). Here, PNPLA3 is linked to fatty liver disease.