PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Recent studies have found that several gene variants in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) (Romeo et al., 2008), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 protein (TM6SF2) (Lallukka and Yki-Järvinen, 2016), glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR), protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B (PPP1R3B), neurocan (NCAN), lysophospholipase-like 1 (LYPLAL1) (Speliotes et al., 2011), and membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7) (Mancina et al., 2016) significantly increase the risk of NAFLD.