PNPLA3 and Insulin resistance: However, the fasting or postload glucose and insulin levels do not differ between PNPLA3 gene variant carriers and non-carriers (Petäjä and Yki-Järvinen, 2016), even when insulin resistance level was measured by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (Kantartzis et al., 2009), although data from publicly available T2D GWAS database show a small increase in the risk of T2D in PNPLA3 gene variant carriers (Dongiovanni et al., 2018).