Earlier studies have found the promoter CpG island region of SOX17 to be methylated in the majority of squamous and glandular lesions of the uterine cervix,26 and this was also shown to be associated with progression of HSIL to carcinoma.27 In the current study, we directly correlated the topographical SOX17 distribution pattern, as determined with immunohistochemistry, with epigenetic changes, i.e. methylation of the SOX17 promoter region. This evidence concerns the gene SOX17 and carcinoma.