DDIT3 and neuroblastoma: In a recent report using a neuroblastoma cell line, it was demonstrated that cyanidin significantly attenuated cell death induced by amyloid beta by decreasing expression of ER-stress and unfolded protein response markers such as protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and preventing activation of caspase-12 and calpain, executioners of ER stress-induced apoptosis [111].