TWIST1 and Saethre-Chotzen syndrome: Mutations in TWIST1 cause Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, a hereditary form of craniosynostosis [30, 31], however, we have shown that disinhibition of RUNX2 caused by mutations in the highly conserved TWIST1 twist-box domain is associated with non-syndromic unilateral coronal and sagittal craniosynostosis [5].