Among them, expressions of TNF-α, CD14, IL-6, CXCL13, Arg1, CXCL3, Btla, HIF1α and Trem1 mRNAs were significantly increased in sepsis groups, while that of IL-10 was markedly decreased, which were in consistent with the results of RT-PCR (Supplementary Fig. 6 for patients, and Supplementary Fig. 7 for rats). The gene discussed is BTLA; the disease is Sepsis.