In this study, excluding other confounders (such as gender, age, years of education, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, CHD, medical statin use, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, urea, Cr, UA and APOE), significantly lower levels of Lp-PLA2 in CVSD patients with MCI or SCI were observed compared to those in CVSD patients with NC (Fig. 2), and signifcant differences of Lp-LPA2 and SOD were noted among NC, MCI and SCI groups (Table 1). Here, SOD1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.