Among these genes, AKT1, PDPK1, CDC42, AKT3, and PIK3CA have concrete evidences shown in relation with congenital heart disease; even two of them (AKT1, CDC42) have explicit association with VSD (Chang et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2017). The gene discussed is PDPK1; the disease is ventricular septal defect.