ATG7 and neoplasm: Guo et al. (2013) showed that tumor-specific deletion of ATG7 could increase the expression of TREM-1. In addition, mTOR was reported to modulate TREM-1 expression. Lee et al. (2015) showed that TREM-1 expression in human macrophage was partially inhibited by rapamycin, a mTOR inhibitor, and that vitamin D induced the expressions of TREM-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 via mTOR signaling.