However, although CHOP was found to localize in the nuclei of the rHR-treated cells (SI Appendix, Fig. S7) and the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta from early-onset preeclampsia (14), ATF5 was only increased in the placenta, suggesting another inhibitory mechanism likely interacts with CHOP in regulating ATF5 expression under hypoxia–reoxygenation. The gene discussed is DDIT3; the disease is preeclampsia.