A lack of correlation between peripheral immune response to PD-1 inhibitors and clinical response has been reported in melanoma patients treated with pembrolizumab [46], although results in NSCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapies suggest that an early versus late induction of immune activation in a specific subpopulation of CD8+ T cells (Ki67+ PD-1+) may enrich for response [47]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.