Anti-tumor effects of CD8+ Tax-specific CTLs have been shown in an animal model, in which HTLV-1-infected lymphomas in nude rats were eradicated by adoptive transfer of syngeneic Tax-specific CTLs that had been induced by vaccines using Tax-coding DNA [117] or Tax peptide with a CpG DNA adjuvant [118]. This evidence concerns the gene CNTN2 and neoplasm.