In glioma, orthotopically implanted β8-high astrocytoma cells develop microscopic non-haemorrhagic tumours with uniform vessels, whereas β8-low cells cause large haemorrhagic tumours with an abundant vasculature and a lower Smad2/3 expression in endothelial cells, implying TGFβ-mediation [128]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.