PTPN11 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: Furthermore, inhibition of SHP2 (also known as PTPN11), which links receptor tyrosine kinase signaling to the RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK pathway, in combination with MEK inhibitors has been shown to be effective in reducing tumour growth and preventing resistance to MEK inhibitors (i.e., trametinib) in preclinical models of cancer, including pancreatic cancer and NSCLC [26,27,28].