Additionally, several studies have separately investigated some heritable genomic variants that could be utilized for glioma risk prognosis, for instance, the mutation in CCDC26 is associated with the oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma development [61],[62], CDKN2B mutation is linked with low-grade astrocytomas; VTI1A, ZBTB16 [63], PHLDB1 [64] rs12230172 (noncoding), and ETFA defects could be considered as risk markers for low-grade IDHmt gliomas; while RTEL1 alteration can be common for all gliomas [65],[66]. Here, PHLDB1 is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).