Biomarkers that were initially elevated in GC-naïve DMD group relative to the control group and then decreased following GC treatment included CCD80, IGFB2, BMP6, lumican (LUM), angiopoietin-2 (ANGP2), fibrinogens (FGA, FGB and FGG), disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 12 (ADAM12), chordin-like protein 1 (CRDL1) and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG). Here, LUM is linked to Duchenne muscular dystrophy.