The combination of forskolin and live V. choleraeΔctxAB resulted in an increase in IL-23 secretion compared to levels after infection with live V. choleraeΔctxAB alone (mean change, 11-fold; 95% CI, 5.3 to 15; P < 0.05), although this did not approach the level of IL-23 produced by live bacteria (Fig. 6). The gene discussed is IL23A; the disease is infection.