We found that patients with AL had a cytokine profile with statistically significant increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, but also Th1 associated cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-γ, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, when compared to patients with implant failures due to mechanical causes. Here, IL2 is linked to axial length measurement.