KRAS and melanoma: Supporting our results, analyzing transcriptomic data of KRAS-mutant cancer cells2 and matched tumors (pre- and post-treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors) from patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma15 revealed that EMT gene signatures are significantly enriched in KRAS-mutant cancer cells resistant to KRAS suppression (KRAS-independent) and in residual melanoma tumors refractory to and recurrent after MAPK (BRAF + MEK) inhibition (Fig. 1a, b).