AR and Familial prostate cancer: In addition to triggering AR conjugation by SUMO2/3, ubiquitination, and degradation, IRC117539 also promoted global accumulation of ubiquitin and SUMO conjugates in AR-positive (LNCaP and VCaP) and AR-negative (PC3 and Du145) prostate cancer lines, as well as in most other cell types (i.e., HeLa and WI38) and in vivo in mice (Figs 4A and B, S4A, B, D, and S5 and data not shown).