With regards to the role of other interferons, a recent study demonstrated the role of IFN-β-induced immunological dormancy reflected in sustained activation of the IRF7/IFN-β/IFNAR axis in chemo-resistant (high dose doxorubicin and methotrexate) ER-negative 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo [110]. Here, IFNB1 is linked to breast cancer.