TLR7 and diabetes mellitus: Pane et al. proposed that diabetes acceleration by rotavirus in NOD mice occur via bystander activation: Rotavirus degraded dsRNA induce Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signaling, leading to release of type-I interferon and lymphocyte activation, including autoreactive T cells, which in turn exacerbate diabetes-related autoimmunity [42].