Moreover, melittin can sensitize TRAIL-resistant HCC cells (TRAIL: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, probably via activating the CAMKII-TAK1-JNK/p38 pathway and inhibiting the IKK-NFκB pathway (Figure 3). The gene discussed is TNFSF10; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.