MARK4 and stroke disorder: Within the cortex, fluororuby+/Mark4+ cells (Fig. 2d) represented ~ 30% of the stroke-injured fluororuby+ cells and stroke-injured neurons showed increased levels of Mark4 protein expression (Fig. 2e; 0.247 ± 0.097 AFUs in FR- cells vs. 0.306 ± 0.101 AFUs in FR+ cells, p = 0.0053) indicating that Layer 5 cortical neurons respond to subcortical ischemic axonal injury by up-regulating Mark4 to remodel the cytoskeleton.