To confirm Mark4 up-regulation in cortical neurons after axonal ischemia, we performed laser capture microdissection of ipsilateral retrograde-labeled Layer 5 neurons 7d after stroke (453.5 ± 41.3 cells/animal, n = 8) compared to non-stroke injured Layer 5 neurons (455.8 ± 28.2 cells/animal, n = 4) (Fig. 2a). The gene discussed is MARK4; the disease is ischemia.