Consistent with these data, we found higher levels of a series of cytokines and chemokines (CCR4, CCR5, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL13, C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC), as well as of immune checkpoint molecules in both CRC datasets (Additional file 15: Table S6). This evidence concerns the gene C1QA and colorectal carcinoma.