Similarly, CYT-high rectal cancers correlated with mutations in PHF14, LRRFIP2, SERBP1, CD58, PTEN, CD4, SPZ1, PKNOX1 and SETD4, and CYT-low rectum tumors were associated with missense, nonsense or splice-site mutations in TCF7L2, TP53, SMAD2, PCBP1, ZC3HAV1 and KCNB2. Significantly mutated genes (FDR < 0.1) including APC, FBXW7, ST8SIA6, PPP2R2C and FGF13 were detected in equal frequencies between both cytolytic subgroups of the READ dataset (Fig. 3f). Here, SMAD2 is linked to rectal neoplasm.