Antibody-mediated depletion experiments showed that the polarizing rUTI susceptibility phenotypes (i.e. mice with a history of chronic UTI were susceptible to rUTI, whereas mice with a history of self-resolving UTI were resistant to rUTI) were each mediated by TNFɑ signaling, but with divergent dynamics and effects. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is bacterial urinary tract infection.