The 24 PALB2-associated breast cancers harbored gains of 16p and losses of 13p and 16q less frequently than the 683 ER−/HER2− and ER+ non-BRCA1/2/PALB2-associated breast cancers (P < 0.05, Fisher’s exact test and bootstrapping-corrected; Supplementary Fig. 4a). This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and breast carcinoma.