ERN1 and cystic fibrosis: At basal conditions IRE1α and GADD34 were significantly upregulated in CF PBMCs, and IL-6 downregulated (Figure 2A); however, after stimulation with LPS we detected significant upregulation in BiP, IRE1α, XBP1s, ERdj4, ATF4, GADD34, TNF, and IL-6, compared to healthy controls (HC) volunteers (Figure 2A).