We found that in CF M1 macrophages XBP1s was significantly increased, and correlated with the upregulation of TNF, IL-6, BiP, and ERdj4(Figure 3F); furthermore these changes were still observed after a second challenge of LPS, with the exception of ERdj4, and the downregulation of PERK(Figure 3F).To further support the finding that XBP1s is present in CF M1 macrophages, we performed a conventional reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to detect splicing of XBP1. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is cystic fibrosis.